MIABIS on FHIR Implementation Guide
1.0.0 - CI Build

MIABIS on FHIR Implementation Guide - Local Development build (v1.0.0) built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) Build Tools. See the Directory of published versions

Resource Profile: Collection - Detailed Descriptions

Active as of 2025-05-15

Definitions for the miabis-collection resource profile.

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

0. Group
Definition

Represents a defined collection of entities that may be discussed or acted upon collectively but which are not expected to act collectively, and are not formally or legally recognized; i.e. a collection of entities that isn't an Organization.

ShortGroup of multiple entities
Comments

If both Group.characteristic and Group.member are present, then the members are the individuals who were found who met the characteristic. It's possible that there might be other candidate members who meet the characteristic and aren't (yet) in the list. All members SHALL have the listed characteristics.

Control0..*
Is Modifierfalse
Summaryfalse
Invariantsdom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources (contained.contained.empty())
dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource (contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty())
dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated (contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty())
dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label (contained.meta.security.empty())
dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management (text.`div`.exists())
grp-1: Can only have members if group is "actual" (member.empty() or (actual = true))
grp-1: Can only have members if group is "actual" (member.empty() or (actual = true))
2. Group.implicitRules
Definition

A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

ShortA set of rules under which this content was created
Comments

Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

Control0..1
Typeuri
Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summarytrue
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
4. Group.extension
Definition

An Extension


May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

ShortExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
Comments

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Control0..*
TypeExtension
Is Modifierfalse
Summaryfalse
Alternate Namesextensions, user content
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Group.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
  • value @ url
  • 6. Group.extension:numberOfSubjects
    Slice NamenumberOfSubjects
    Definition

    Total number of subjects included in the collection.

    ShortTotal number of subjects included in the collection.
    Control0..1
    This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
    TypeExtension(Number Of Subjects) (Extension Type: integer)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supporttrue
    Summaryfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    8. Group.extension:inclusionCriteria
    Slice NameinclusionCriteria
    Definition

    Information on type of parameters that determine which subjects will become collection participants.

    ShortInformation on type of parameters that determine which subjects will become collection participants.
    Control0..*
    This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
    TypeExtension(Inclusion Criteria Extension) (Extension Type: CodeableConcept)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supporttrue
    Summaryfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    10. Group.extension:MemberEntity
    Slice NameMemberEntity
    Definition

    Optional Extension Element - found in all resources.

    ShortOptional Extensions Element
    Control0..*
    This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
    TypeExtension(Extension Definition for Group.member.entity for Version 5.0) (Extension Type: Reference(CareTeam, Device, Group, HealthcareService, Location, Organization, Patient, Practitioner, PractitionerRole, RelatedPerson, Specimen))
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supporttrue
    Summaryfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    12. Group.extension:MemberEntity.extension
    Definition

    An Extension


    May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

    ShortExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
    Comments

    There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

    Control0..0*
    TypeExtension
    Is Modifierfalse
    Summaryfalse
    Alternate Namesextensions, user content
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Group.extension.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
    • value @ url
    • 14. Group.extension:MemberEntity.url
      Definition

      Source of the definition for the extension code - a logical name or a URL.

      Shortidentifies the meaning of the extension
      Comments

      The definition may point directly to a computable or human-readable definition of the extensibility codes, or it may be a logical URI as declared in some other specification. The definition SHALL be a URI for the Structure Definition defining the extension.

      Control1..1
      Typeuri
      Is Modifierfalse
      XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
      Summaryfalse
      Fixed Valuehttp://hl7.org/fhir/5.0/StructureDefinition/extension-Group.member.entity
      16. Group.extension:MemberEntity.value[x]
      Definition

      Value of extension - must be one of a constrained set of the data types (see Extensibility for a list).

      ShortValue of extension
      Control10..1
      TypeReference(Specimen), date, Meta, Address, Attachment, integer, Count, DataRequirement, Dosage, uuid, Identifier, Coding, SampledData, id, positiveInt, Distance, Period, Duration, canonical, Range, RelatedArtifact, base64Binary, UsageContext, Timing, decimal, CodeableConcept, ParameterDefinition, dateTime, code, string, Contributor, oid, instant, ContactPoint, HumanName, Money, markdown, Ratio, Age, TriggerDefinition, Quantity, uri, url, Annotation, ContactDetail, boolean, Expression, Signature, unsignedInt, time
      [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      18. Group.modifierExtension
      Definition

      May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

      Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

      ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored
      Comments

      There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

      Control0..*
      TypeExtension
      Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them
      Summaryfalse
      Requirements

      Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

      Alternate Namesextensions, user content
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      20. Group.identifier
      Definition

      A unique business identifier for this group.

      ShortID of the collection.Unique id
      NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
      Control10..1*
      TypeIdentifier
      Is Modifierfalse
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Allows the group to be referenced from external specifications.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      22. Group.active
      Definition

      Indicates whether the record for the group is available for use or is merely being retained for historical purposes.

      ShortThe state of the collection functions.Whether this group's record is in active use
      Control0..1
      Typeboolean
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Need to be able to mark a group record as not to be used because it was created in error or is otherwise no longer available (e.g. a herd that no longer exists).

      Meaning if MissingThis resource is generally assumed to be active if no value is provided for the active element
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      24. Group.type
      Definition

      Identifies the broad classification of the kind of resources the group includes.

      ShortThe type of resources this group contains. For this resource type, this is always set to person. (should be specimen, but this is only supported in R5)person | animal | practitioner | device | medication | substance
      Comments

      Group members SHALL be of the appropriate resource type (Patient for person or animal; or Practitioner, Device, Medication or Substance for the other types.).

      Control1..1
      BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from GroupTypehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/group-type|4.0.1
      (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/group-type|4.0.1)

      Types of resources that are part of group.

      Typecode
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Identifies what type of resources the group is made up of.

      Pattern Valueperson
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      26. Group.actual
      Definition

      If true, indicates that the resource refers to a specific group of real individuals. If false, the group defines a set of intended individuals.

      ShortDescriptive or actual
      Control1..1
      This element is affected by the following invariants: grp-1
      Typeboolean
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      There are use-cases for groups that define specific collections of individuals, and other groups that define "types" of intended individuals. The requirements for both kinds of groups are similar, so we use a single resource, distinguished by this flag.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      28. Group.name
      Definition

      A label assigned to the group for human identification and communication.

      ShortName of the collection (preferably in English).Label for Group
      Control10..1
      Typestring
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Used to identify the group in human communication.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      30. Group.managingEntity
      Definition

      Entity responsible for defining and maintaining Group characteristics and/or registered members.

      ShortOrganization resource containing details of this collection, such as contact information, publications, etc.Entity that is the custodian of the Group's definition
      Comments

      This does not strictly align with ownership of a herd or flock, but may suffice to represent that relationship in simple cases. More complex cases will require an extension.

      Control10..1
      TypeReference(Collection Organization, Organization, RelatedPerson, Practitioner, PractitionerRole)
      Is Modifierfalse
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      32. Group.characteristic
      Definition

      Identifies traits whose presence r absence is shared by members of the group.

      ShortInclude / Exclude group members by Trait
      Comments

      All the identified characteristics must be true for an entity to a member of the group.

      Control20..*
      TypeBackboneElement
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Requirements

      Needs to be a generic mechanism for identifying what individuals can be part of a group.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Group.characteristic. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
      • value @ code
      • 34. Group.characteristic.modifierExtension
        Definition

        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

        Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

        ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
        Comments

        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

        Control0..*
        TypeExtension
        Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
        Summarytrue
        Requirements

        Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

        Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        36. Group.characteristic.code
        Definition

        A code that identifies the kind of trait being asserted.

        ShortKind of characteristic
        Control1..1
        Binding

        List of characteristics used to describe group members; e.g. gender, age, owner, location, etc.

        TypeCodeableConcept
        Is Modifierfalse
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        Need a formal way of identifying the characteristic being described.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        38. Group.characteristic.value[x]
        Definition

        The value of the trait that holds (or does not hold - see 'exclude') for members of the group.

        ShortValue held by characteristic
        Comments

        For Range, it means members of the group have a value that falls somewhere within the specified range.

        Control1..1
        Binding

        Value of descriptive member characteristic; e.g. red, male, pneumonia, Caucasian, etc.

        TypeChoice of: CodeableConcept, boolean, Quantity, Range, Reference
        [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
        Is Modifierfalse
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        The value of the characteristic is what determines group membership.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        40. Group.characteristic.exclude
        Definition

        If true, indicates the characteristic is one that is NOT held by members of the group.

        ShortGroup includes or excludes
        Comments

        This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications cannot wrongly include excluded members as included or vice versa.

        Control1..1
        Typeboolean
        Is Modifierfalse
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        Sometimes group membership is determined by characteristics not possessed.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        42. Group.characteristic:ageRange
        Slice NameageRange
        Definition

        Identifies traits whose presence r absence is shared by members of the group.

        ShortAge of youngest and oldest sample donor at the time of sample donation.Include / Exclude group members by Trait
        Comments

        All the identified characteristics must be true for an entity to a member of the group.

        Control0..1*
        TypeBackboneElement
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supporttrue
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        Needs to be a generic mechanism for identifying what individuals can be part of a group.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        44. Group.characteristic:ageRange.modifierExtension
        Definition

        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

        Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

        ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
        Comments

        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

        Control0..*
        TypeExtension
        Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
        Summarytrue
        Requirements

        Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

        Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        46. Group.characteristic:ageRange.code
        Definition

        A code that identifies the kind of trait being asserted.

        ShortKind of characteristic
        Control1..1
        Binding

        List of characteristics used to describe group members; e.g. gender, age, owner, location, etc.

        TypeCodeableConcept
        Is Modifierfalse
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        Need a formal way of identifying the characteristic being described.

        Pattern Value{
          "coding" : [{
            "system" : "https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/CodeSystem/miabis-characteristicCS",
            "code" : "Age"
          }]
        }
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        48. Group.characteristic:ageRange.value[x]
        Definition

        The value of the trait that holds (or does not hold - see 'exclude') for members of the group.

        ShortValue held by characteristic
        Comments

        For Range, it means members of the group have a value that falls somewhere within the specified range.

        Control1..1
        TypeRange, boolean, Reference, Quantity, CodeableConcept
        [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
        Is Modifierfalse
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        The value of the characteristic is what determines group membership.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        50. Group.characteristic:ageRange.exclude
        Definition

        If true, indicates the characteristic is one that is NOT held by members of the group.

        ShortGroup includes or excludes
        Comments

        This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications cannot wrongly include excluded members as included or vice versa.

        Control1..1
        Typeboolean
        Is Modifierfalse
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        Sometimes group membership is determined by characteristics not possessed.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        52. Group.characteristic:sex
        Slice Namesex
        Definition

        Identifies traits whose presence r absence is shared by members of the group.

        ShortThe sex of the individuals in the collection.Include / Exclude group members by Trait
        Comments

        All the identified characteristics must be true for an entity to a member of the group.

        Control10..*
        TypeBackboneElement
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supporttrue
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        Needs to be a generic mechanism for identifying what individuals can be part of a group.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        54. Group.characteristic:sex.modifierExtension
        Definition

        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

        Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

        ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
        Comments

        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

        Control0..*
        TypeExtension
        Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
        Summarytrue
        Requirements

        Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

        Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        56. Group.characteristic:sex.code
        Definition

        A code that identifies the kind of trait being asserted.

        ShortKind of characteristic
        Control1..1
        Binding

        List of characteristics used to describe group members; e.g. gender, age, owner, location, etc.

        TypeCodeableConcept
        Is Modifierfalse
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        Need a formal way of identifying the characteristic being described.

        Pattern Value{
          "coding" : [{
            "system" : "https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/CodeSystem/miabis-characteristicCS",
            "code" : "Sex"
          }]
        }
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        58. Group.characteristic:sex.value[x]
        Definition

        The value of the trait that holds (or does not hold - see 'exclude') for members of the group.

        ShortValue held by characteristic
        Comments

        For Range, it means members of the group have a value that falls somewhere within the specified range.

        Control1..1
        BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from For example codes, see AdministrativeGender
        (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender)
        TypeCodeableConcept, boolean, Reference, Quantity, Range
        [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
        Is Modifierfalse
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        The value of the characteristic is what determines group membership.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        60. Group.characteristic:sex.exclude
        Definition

        If true, indicates the characteristic is one that is NOT held by members of the group.

        ShortGroup includes or excludes
        Comments

        This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications cannot wrongly include excluded members as included or vice versa.

        Control1..1
        Typeboolean
        Is Modifierfalse
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        Sometimes group membership is determined by characteristics not possessed.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        62. Group.characteristic:storageTemperature
        Slice NamestorageTemperature
        Definition

        Identifies traits whose presence r absence is shared by members of the group.

        ShortThe long-term storage temperature at which the sample(s) are stored after preparation, based on SPREC v3.Include / Exclude group members by Trait
        Comments

        All the identified characteristics must be true for an entity to a member of the group.

        Control0..*
        TypeBackboneElement
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supporttrue
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        Needs to be a generic mechanism for identifying what individuals can be part of a group.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        64. Group.characteristic:storageTemperature.modifierExtension
        Definition

        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

        Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

        ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
        Comments

        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

        Control0..*
        TypeExtension
        Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
        Summarytrue
        Requirements

        Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

        Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        66. Group.characteristic:storageTemperature.code
        Definition

        A code that identifies the kind of trait being asserted.

        ShortKind of characteristic
        Control1..1
        Binding

        List of characteristics used to describe group members; e.g. gender, age, owner, location, etc.

        TypeCodeableConcept
        Is Modifierfalse
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        Need a formal way of identifying the characteristic being described.

        Pattern Value{
          "coding" : [{
            "system" : "https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/CodeSystem/miabis-characteristicCS",
            "code" : "StorageTemperature"
          }]
        }
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        68. Group.characteristic:storageTemperature.value[x]
        Definition

        The value of the trait that holds (or does not hold - see 'exclude') for members of the group.

        ShortValue held by characteristic
        Comments

        For Range, it means members of the group have a value that falls somewhere within the specified range.

        Control1..1
        BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from For example codes, see Storage Temperature Value Set
        (required to https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/ValueSet/miabis-storage-temperature-vs)
        TypeCodeableConcept, boolean, Reference, Quantity, Range
        [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
        Is Modifierfalse
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        The value of the characteristic is what determines group membership.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        70. Group.characteristic:storageTemperature.exclude
        Definition

        If true, indicates the characteristic is one that is NOT held by members of the group.

        ShortGroup includes or excludes
        Comments

        This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications cannot wrongly include excluded members as included or vice versa.

        Control1..1
        Typeboolean
        Is Modifierfalse
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        Sometimes group membership is determined by characteristics not possessed.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        72. Group.characteristic:materialType
        Slice NamematerialType
        Definition

        Identifies traits whose presence r absence is shared by members of the group.

        ShortThe biospecimen saved from a biological entity for propagation e.g. testing, diagnostics, treatment or research purposes.Include / Exclude group members by Trait
        Comments

        All the identified characteristics must be true for an entity to a member of the group.

        Control10..*
        TypeBackboneElement
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supporttrue
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        Needs to be a generic mechanism for identifying what individuals can be part of a group.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        74. Group.characteristic:materialType.modifierExtension
        Definition

        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

        Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

        ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
        Comments

        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

        Control0..*
        TypeExtension
        Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
        Summarytrue
        Requirements

        Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

        Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        76. Group.characteristic:materialType.code
        Definition

        A code that identifies the kind of trait being asserted.

        ShortKind of characteristic
        Control1..1
        Binding

        List of characteristics used to describe group members; e.g. gender, age, owner, location, etc.

        TypeCodeableConcept
        Is Modifierfalse
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        Need a formal way of identifying the characteristic being described.

        Pattern Value{
          "coding" : [{
            "system" : "https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/CodeSystem/miabis-characteristicCS",
            "code" : "MaterialType"
          }]
        }
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        78. Group.characteristic:materialType.value[x]
        Definition

        The value of the trait that holds (or does not hold - see 'exclude') for members of the group.

        ShortValue held by characteristic
        Comments

        For Range, it means members of the group have a value that falls somewhere within the specified range.

        Control1..1
        BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from For example codes, see Collection Sample Type Value Set
        (required to https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/ValueSet/miabis-collection-sample-typ-vs)
        TypeCodeableConcept, boolean, Reference, Quantity, Range
        [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
        Is Modifierfalse
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        The value of the characteristic is what determines group membership.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        80. Group.characteristic:materialType.exclude
        Definition

        If true, indicates the characteristic is one that is NOT held by members of the group.

        ShortGroup includes or excludes
        Comments

        This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications cannot wrongly include excluded members as included or vice versa.

        Control1..1
        Typeboolean
        Is Modifierfalse
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        Sometimes group membership is determined by characteristics not possessed.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        82. Group.characteristic:diagnosis
        Slice Namediagnosis
        Definition

        Identifies traits whose presence r absence is shared by members of the group.

        ShortThe diagnosis of the individuals in the collection.Include / Exclude group members by Trait
        Comments

        All the identified characteristics must be true for an entity to a member of the group.

        Control0..*
        TypeBackboneElement
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supporttrue
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        Needs to be a generic mechanism for identifying what individuals can be part of a group.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        84. Group.characteristic:diagnosis.modifierExtension
        Definition

        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

        Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

        ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
        Comments

        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

        Control0..*
        TypeExtension
        Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
        Summarytrue
        Requirements

        Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

        Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        86. Group.characteristic:diagnosis.code
        Definition

        A code that identifies the kind of trait being asserted.

        ShortKind of characteristic
        Control1..1
        Binding

        List of characteristics used to describe group members; e.g. gender, age, owner, location, etc.

        TypeCodeableConcept
        Is Modifierfalse
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        Need a formal way of identifying the characteristic being described.

        Pattern Value{
          "coding" : [{
            "system" : "https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/CodeSystem/miabis-characteristicCS",
            "code" : "Diagnosis"
          }]
        }
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        88. Group.characteristic:diagnosis.value[x]
        Definition

        The value of the trait that holds (or does not hold - see 'exclude') for members of the group.

        ShortValue held by characteristic
        Comments

        For Range, it means members of the group have a value that falls somewhere within the specified range.

        Control1..1
        BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from For example codes, see DiagnosisVS
        (required to https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/ValueSet/miabis-diagnosis-vs)
        TypeCodeableConcept, boolean, Reference, Quantity, Range
        [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
        Is Modifierfalse
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        The value of the characteristic is what determines group membership.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        90. Group.characteristic:diagnosis.exclude
        Definition

        If true, indicates the characteristic is one that is NOT held by members of the group.

        ShortGroup includes or excludes
        Comments

        This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications cannot wrongly include excluded members as included or vice versa.

        Control1..1
        Typeboolean
        Is Modifierfalse
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        Sometimes group membership is determined by characteristics not possessed.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))

        Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

        0. Group
        2. Group.extension
        SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Group.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
        • value @ url
        • 4. Group.extension:numberOfSubjects
          Slice NamenumberOfSubjects
          ShortTotal number of subjects included in the collection.
          Control0..1
          TypeExtension(Number Of Subjects) (Extension Type: integer)
          Must Supporttrue
          6. Group.extension:inclusionCriteria
          Slice NameinclusionCriteria
          ShortInformation on type of parameters that determine which subjects will become collection participants.
          Control0..*
          TypeExtension(Inclusion Criteria Extension) (Extension Type: CodeableConcept)
          Must Supporttrue
          8. Group.extension:MemberEntity
          Slice NameMemberEntity
          Control0..*
          TypeExtension(Extension Definition for Group.member.entity for Version 5.0) (Extension Type: Reference(CareTeam, Device, Group, HealthcareService, Location, Organization, Patient, Practitioner, PractitionerRole, RelatedPerson, Specimen))
          Must Supporttrue
          10. Group.extension:MemberEntity.value[x]
          TypeReference(Specimen)
          [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
          12. Group.identifier
          ShortID of the collection.
          NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
          Control1..1
          Must Supporttrue
          14. Group.active
          ShortThe state of the collection functions.
          Must Supporttrue
          16. Group.type
          ShortThe type of resources this group contains. For this resource type, this is always set to person. (should be specimen, but this is only supported in R5)
          Pattern Valueperson
          18. Group.name
          ShortName of the collection (preferably in English).
          Control1..?
          Must Supporttrue
          20. Group.managingEntity
          ShortOrganization resource containing details of this collection, such as contact information, publications, etc.
          Control1..?
          TypeReference(Collection Organization)
          Must Supporttrue
          22. Group.characteristic
          Control2..?
          SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Group.characteristic. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
          • value @ code
          • 24. Group.characteristic:ageRange
            Slice NameageRange
            ShortAge of youngest and oldest sample donor at the time of sample donation.
            Control0..1
            Must Supporttrue
            26. Group.characteristic:ageRange.code
            Pattern Value{
              "coding" : [{
                "system" : "https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/CodeSystem/miabis-characteristicCS",
                "code" : "Age"
              }]
            }
            28. Group.characteristic:ageRange.value[x]
            TypeRange
            [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
            30. Group.characteristic:sex
            Slice Namesex
            ShortThe sex of the individuals in the collection.
            Control1..*
            Must Supporttrue
            32. Group.characteristic:sex.code
            Pattern Value{
              "coding" : [{
                "system" : "https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/CodeSystem/miabis-characteristicCS",
                "code" : "Sex"
              }]
            }
            34. Group.characteristic:sex.value[x]
            BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AdministrativeGender
            (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender)
            TypeCodeableConcept
            [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
            36. Group.characteristic:storageTemperature
            Slice NamestorageTemperature
            ShortThe long-term storage temperature at which the sample(s) are stored after preparation, based on SPREC v3.
            Control0..*
            Must Supporttrue
            38. Group.characteristic:storageTemperature.code
            Pattern Value{
              "coding" : [{
                "system" : "https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/CodeSystem/miabis-characteristicCS",
                "code" : "StorageTemperature"
              }]
            }
            40. Group.characteristic:storageTemperature.value[x]
            BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from Storage Temperature Value Set
            (required to https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/ValueSet/miabis-storage-temperature-vs)
            TypeCodeableConcept
            [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
            42. Group.characteristic:materialType
            Slice NamematerialType
            ShortThe biospecimen saved from a biological entity for propagation e.g. testing, diagnostics, treatment or research purposes.
            Control1..*
            Must Supporttrue
            44. Group.characteristic:materialType.code
            Pattern Value{
              "coding" : [{
                "system" : "https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/CodeSystem/miabis-characteristicCS",
                "code" : "MaterialType"
              }]
            }
            46. Group.characteristic:materialType.value[x]
            BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from Collection Sample Type Value Set
            (required to https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/ValueSet/miabis-collection-sample-typ-vs)
            TypeCodeableConcept
            [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
            48. Group.characteristic:diagnosis
            Slice Namediagnosis
            ShortThe diagnosis of the individuals in the collection.
            Control0..*
            Must Supporttrue
            50. Group.characteristic:diagnosis.code
            Pattern Value{
              "coding" : [{
                "system" : "https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/CodeSystem/miabis-characteristicCS",
                "code" : "Diagnosis"
              }]
            }
            52. Group.characteristic:diagnosis.value[x]
            BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from DiagnosisVS
            (required to https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/ValueSet/miabis-diagnosis-vs)
            TypeCodeableConcept
            [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]

            Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

            0. Group
            Definition

            Represents a defined collection of entities that may be discussed or acted upon collectively but which are not expected to act collectively, and are not formally or legally recognized; i.e. a collection of entities that isn't an Organization.

            ShortGroup of multiple entities
            Comments

            If both Group.characteristic and Group.member are present, then the members are the individuals who were found who met the characteristic. It's possible that there might be other candidate members who meet the characteristic and aren't (yet) in the list. All members SHALL have the listed characteristics.

            Control0..*
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Invariantsdom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources (contained.contained.empty())
            dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource (contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty())
            dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated (contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty())
            dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label (contained.meta.security.empty())
            dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management (text.`div`.exists())
            grp-1: Can only have members if group is "actual" (member.empty() or (actual = true))
            2. Group.id
            Definition

            The logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this value never changes.

            ShortLogical id of this artifact
            Comments

            The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the server using a create operation.

            Control0..1
            Typeid
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summarytrue
            4. Group.meta
            Definition

            The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure. Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource.

            ShortMetadata about the resource
            Control0..1
            TypeMeta
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summarytrue
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            6. Group.implicitRules
            Definition

            A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

            ShortA set of rules under which this content was created
            Comments

            Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

            Control0..1
            Typeuri
            Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Summarytrue
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            8. Group.language
            Definition

            The base language in which the resource is written.

            ShortLanguage of the resource content
            Comments

            Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language of other presentations generated from the data in the resource. Not all the content has to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship between xml:lang and the html lang attribute).

            Control0..1
            BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from CommonLanguages
            (preferred to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages)

            A human language.

            Additional BindingsPurpose
            AllLanguagesMax Binding
            Typecode
            Is Modifierfalse
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Summaryfalse
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            10. Group.text
            Definition

            A human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource and can be used to represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it "clinically safe" for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety.

            ShortText summary of the resource, for human interpretation
            Comments

            Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied). This may be necessary for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a "text blob" or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded information is added later.

            Control0..1
            TypeNarrative
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Alternate Namesnarrative, html, xhtml, display
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            12. Group.contained
            Definition

            These resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent transaction scope.

            ShortContained, inline Resources
            Comments

            This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. Contained resources may have profiles and tags In their meta elements, but SHALL NOT have security labels.

            Control0..*
            TypeResource
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Alternate Namesinline resources, anonymous resources, contained resources
            14. Group.extension
            Definition

            An Extension

            ShortExtension
            Control0..*
            TypeExtension
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
            SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Group.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
            • value @ url
            • 16. Group.extension:numberOfSubjects
              Slice NamenumberOfSubjects
              Definition

              Total number of subjects included in the collection.

              ShortTotal number of subjects included in the collection.
              Control0..1
              This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
              TypeExtension(Number Of Subjects) (Extension Type: integer)
              Is Modifierfalse
              Must Supporttrue
              Summaryfalse
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              18. Group.extension:inclusionCriteria
              Slice NameinclusionCriteria
              Definition

              Information on type of parameters that determine which subjects will become collection participants.

              ShortInformation on type of parameters that determine which subjects will become collection participants.
              Control0..*
              This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
              TypeExtension(Inclusion Criteria Extension) (Extension Type: CodeableConcept)
              Is Modifierfalse
              Must Supporttrue
              Summaryfalse
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              20. Group.extension:MemberEntity
              Slice NameMemberEntity
              Definition

              Optional Extension Element - found in all resources.

              ShortOptional Extensions Element
              Control0..*
              This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
              TypeExtension(Extension Definition for Group.member.entity for Version 5.0) (Extension Type: Reference(CareTeam, Device, Group, HealthcareService, Location, Organization, Patient, Practitioner, PractitionerRole, RelatedPerson, Specimen))
              Is Modifierfalse
              Must Supporttrue
              Summaryfalse
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              22. Group.extension:MemberEntity.id
              Definition

              Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

              ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
              Control0..1
              Typestring
              Is Modifierfalse
              XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
              Summaryfalse
              24. Group.extension:MemberEntity.extension
              Definition

              An Extension

              ShortExtension
              Control0..0
              TypeExtension
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Group.extension.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
              • value @ url
              • 26. Group.extension:MemberEntity.url
                Definition

                Source of the definition for the extension code - a logical name or a URL.

                Shortidentifies the meaning of the extension
                Comments

                The definition may point directly to a computable or human-readable definition of the extensibility codes, or it may be a logical URI as declared in some other specification. The definition SHALL be a URI for the Structure Definition defining the extension.

                Control1..1
                Typeuri
                Is Modifierfalse
                XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                Summaryfalse
                Fixed Valuehttp://hl7.org/fhir/5.0/StructureDefinition/extension-Group.member.entity
                28. Group.extension:MemberEntity.value[x]
                Definition

                Value of extension - must be one of a constrained set of the data types (see Extensibility for a list).

                ShortValue of extension
                Control1..1
                TypeReference(Specimen)
                [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                Is Modifierfalse
                Summaryfalse
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                30. Group.modifierExtension
                Definition

                May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored
                Comments

                There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                Control0..*
                TypeExtension
                Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them
                Summaryfalse
                Requirements

                Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                32. Group.identifier
                Definition

                A unique business identifier for this group.

                ShortID of the collection.
                NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
                Control1..1
                TypeIdentifier
                Is Modifierfalse
                Must Supporttrue
                Summarytrue
                Requirements

                Allows the group to be referenced from external specifications.

                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                34. Group.active
                Definition

                Indicates whether the record for the group is available for use or is merely being retained for historical purposes.

                ShortThe state of the collection functions.
                Control0..1
                Typeboolean
                Is Modifierfalse
                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                Must Supporttrue
                Summarytrue
                Requirements

                Need to be able to mark a group record as not to be used because it was created in error or is otherwise no longer available (e.g. a herd that no longer exists).

                Meaning if MissingThis resource is generally assumed to be active if no value is provided for the active element
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                36. Group.type
                Definition

                Identifies the broad classification of the kind of resources the group includes.

                ShortThe type of resources this group contains. For this resource type, this is always set to person. (should be specimen, but this is only supported in R5)
                Comments

                Group members SHALL be of the appropriate resource type (Patient for person or animal; or Practitioner, Device, Medication or Substance for the other types.).

                Control1..1
                BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from GroupType
                (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/group-type|4.0.1)

                Types of resources that are part of group.

                Typecode
                Is Modifierfalse
                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                Summarytrue
                Requirements

                Identifies what type of resources the group is made up of.

                Pattern Valueperson
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                38. Group.actual
                Definition

                If true, indicates that the resource refers to a specific group of real individuals. If false, the group defines a set of intended individuals.

                ShortDescriptive or actual
                Control1..1
                This element is affected by the following invariants: grp-1
                Typeboolean
                Is Modifierfalse
                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                Summarytrue
                Requirements

                There are use-cases for groups that define specific collections of individuals, and other groups that define "types" of intended individuals. The requirements for both kinds of groups are similar, so we use a single resource, distinguished by this flag.

                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                40. Group.code
                Definition

                Provides a specific type of resource the group includes; e.g. "cow", "syringe", etc.

                ShortKind of Group members
                Comments

                This would generally be omitted for Person resources.

                Control0..1
                Binding

                Kind of particular resource; e.g. cow, syringe, lake, etc.

                TypeCodeableConcept
                Is Modifierfalse
                Summarytrue
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                42. Group.name
                Definition

                A label assigned to the group for human identification and communication.

                ShortName of the collection (preferably in English).
                Control1..1
                Typestring
                Is Modifierfalse
                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                Must Supporttrue
                Summarytrue
                Requirements

                Used to identify the group in human communication.

                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                44. Group.quantity
                Definition

                A count of the number of resource instances that are part of the group.

                ShortNumber of members
                Comments

                Note that the quantity may be less than the number of members if some of the members are not active.

                Control0..1
                TypeunsignedInt
                Is Modifierfalse
                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                Summarytrue
                Requirements

                Group size is a common defining characteristic.

                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                46. Group.managingEntity
                Definition

                Entity responsible for defining and maintaining Group characteristics and/or registered members.

                ShortOrganization resource containing details of this collection, such as contact information, publications, etc.
                Comments

                This does not strictly align with ownership of a herd or flock, but may suffice to represent that relationship in simple cases. More complex cases will require an extension.

                Control1..1
                TypeReference(Collection Organization)
                Is Modifierfalse
                Must Supporttrue
                Summarytrue
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                48. Group.characteristic
                Definition

                Identifies traits whose presence r absence is shared by members of the group.

                ShortInclude / Exclude group members by Trait
                Comments

                All the identified characteristics must be true for an entity to a member of the group.

                Control2..*
                TypeBackboneElement
                Is Modifierfalse
                Summaryfalse
                Requirements

                Needs to be a generic mechanism for identifying what individuals can be part of a group.

                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Group.characteristic. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                • value @ code
                • 50. Group.characteristic.id
                  Definition

                  Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                  ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                  Control0..1
                  Typestring
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                  Summaryfalse
                  52. Group.characteristic.extension
                  Definition

                  May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                  ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                  Comments

                  There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeExtension
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  54. Group.characteristic.modifierExtension
                  Definition

                  May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                  Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                  ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                  Comments

                  There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeExtension
                  Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                  Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  56. Group.characteristic.code
                  Definition

                  A code that identifies the kind of trait being asserted.

                  ShortKind of characteristic
                  Control1..1
                  Binding

                  List of characteristics used to describe group members; e.g. gender, age, owner, location, etc.

                  TypeCodeableConcept
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  Need a formal way of identifying the characteristic being described.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  58. Group.characteristic.value[x]
                  Definition

                  The value of the trait that holds (or does not hold - see 'exclude') for members of the group.

                  ShortValue held by characteristic
                  Comments

                  For Range, it means members of the group have a value that falls somewhere within the specified range.

                  Control1..1
                  Binding

                  Value of descriptive member characteristic; e.g. red, male, pneumonia, Caucasian, etc.

                  TypeChoice of: CodeableConcept, boolean, Quantity, Range, Reference
                  [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  The value of the characteristic is what determines group membership.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  60. Group.characteristic.exclude
                  Definition

                  If true, indicates the characteristic is one that is NOT held by members of the group.

                  ShortGroup includes or excludes
                  Comments

                  This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications cannot wrongly include excluded members as included or vice versa.

                  Control1..1
                  Typeboolean
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  Sometimes group membership is determined by characteristics not possessed.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  62. Group.characteristic.period
                  Definition

                  The period over which the characteristic is tested; e.g. the patient had an operation during the month of June.

                  ShortPeriod over which characteristic is tested
                  Control0..1
                  TypePeriod
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  64. Group.characteristic:ageRange
                  Slice NameageRange
                  Definition

                  Identifies traits whose presence r absence is shared by members of the group.

                  ShortAge of youngest and oldest sample donor at the time of sample donation.
                  Comments

                  All the identified characteristics must be true for an entity to a member of the group.

                  Control0..1
                  TypeBackboneElement
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Must Supporttrue
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  Needs to be a generic mechanism for identifying what individuals can be part of a group.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  66. Group.characteristic:ageRange.id
                  Definition

                  Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                  ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                  Control0..1
                  Typestring
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                  Summaryfalse
                  68. Group.characteristic:ageRange.extension
                  Definition

                  May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                  ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                  Comments

                  There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeExtension
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  70. Group.characteristic:ageRange.modifierExtension
                  Definition

                  May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                  Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                  ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                  Comments

                  There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeExtension
                  Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                  Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  72. Group.characteristic:ageRange.code
                  Definition

                  A code that identifies the kind of trait being asserted.

                  ShortKind of characteristic
                  Control1..1
                  Binding

                  List of characteristics used to describe group members; e.g. gender, age, owner, location, etc.

                  TypeCodeableConcept
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  Need a formal way of identifying the characteristic being described.

                  Pattern Value{
                    "coding" : [{
                      "system" : "https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/CodeSystem/miabis-characteristicCS",
                      "code" : "Age"
                    }]
                  }
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  74. Group.characteristic:ageRange.value[x]
                  Definition

                  The value of the trait that holds (or does not hold - see 'exclude') for members of the group.

                  ShortValue held by characteristic
                  Comments

                  For Range, it means members of the group have a value that falls somewhere within the specified range.

                  Control1..1
                  TypeRange
                  [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  The value of the characteristic is what determines group membership.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  76. Group.characteristic:ageRange.exclude
                  Definition

                  If true, indicates the characteristic is one that is NOT held by members of the group.

                  ShortGroup includes or excludes
                  Comments

                  This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications cannot wrongly include excluded members as included or vice versa.

                  Control1..1
                  Typeboolean
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  Sometimes group membership is determined by characteristics not possessed.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  78. Group.characteristic:ageRange.period
                  Definition

                  The period over which the characteristic is tested; e.g. the patient had an operation during the month of June.

                  ShortPeriod over which characteristic is tested
                  Control0..1
                  TypePeriod
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  80. Group.characteristic:sex
                  Slice Namesex
                  Definition

                  Identifies traits whose presence r absence is shared by members of the group.

                  ShortThe sex of the individuals in the collection.
                  Comments

                  All the identified characteristics must be true for an entity to a member of the group.

                  Control1..*
                  TypeBackboneElement
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Must Supporttrue
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  Needs to be a generic mechanism for identifying what individuals can be part of a group.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  82. Group.characteristic:sex.id
                  Definition

                  Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                  ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                  Control0..1
                  Typestring
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                  Summaryfalse
                  84. Group.characteristic:sex.extension
                  Definition

                  May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                  ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                  Comments

                  There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeExtension
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  86. Group.characteristic:sex.modifierExtension
                  Definition

                  May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                  Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                  ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                  Comments

                  There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeExtension
                  Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                  Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  88. Group.characteristic:sex.code
                  Definition

                  A code that identifies the kind of trait being asserted.

                  ShortKind of characteristic
                  Control1..1
                  Binding

                  List of characteristics used to describe group members; e.g. gender, age, owner, location, etc.

                  TypeCodeableConcept
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  Need a formal way of identifying the characteristic being described.

                  Pattern Value{
                    "coding" : [{
                      "system" : "https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/CodeSystem/miabis-characteristicCS",
                      "code" : "Sex"
                    }]
                  }
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  90. Group.characteristic:sex.value[x]
                  Definition

                  The value of the trait that holds (or does not hold - see 'exclude') for members of the group.

                  ShortValue held by characteristic
                  Comments

                  For Range, it means members of the group have a value that falls somewhere within the specified range.

                  Control1..1
                  BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AdministrativeGender
                  (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender)
                  TypeCodeableConcept
                  [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  The value of the characteristic is what determines group membership.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  92. Group.characteristic:sex.exclude
                  Definition

                  If true, indicates the characteristic is one that is NOT held by members of the group.

                  ShortGroup includes or excludes
                  Comments

                  This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications cannot wrongly include excluded members as included or vice versa.

                  Control1..1
                  Typeboolean
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  Sometimes group membership is determined by characteristics not possessed.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  94. Group.characteristic:sex.period
                  Definition

                  The period over which the characteristic is tested; e.g. the patient had an operation during the month of June.

                  ShortPeriod over which characteristic is tested
                  Control0..1
                  TypePeriod
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  96. Group.characteristic:storageTemperature
                  Slice NamestorageTemperature
                  Definition

                  Identifies traits whose presence r absence is shared by members of the group.

                  ShortThe long-term storage temperature at which the sample(s) are stored after preparation, based on SPREC v3.
                  Comments

                  All the identified characteristics must be true for an entity to a member of the group.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeBackboneElement
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Must Supporttrue
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  Needs to be a generic mechanism for identifying what individuals can be part of a group.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  98. Group.characteristic:storageTemperature.id
                  Definition

                  Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                  ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                  Control0..1
                  Typestring
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                  Summaryfalse
                  100. Group.characteristic:storageTemperature.extension
                  Definition

                  May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                  ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                  Comments

                  There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeExtension
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  102. Group.characteristic:storageTemperature.modifierExtension
                  Definition

                  May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                  Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                  ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                  Comments

                  There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeExtension
                  Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                  Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  104. Group.characteristic:storageTemperature.code
                  Definition

                  A code that identifies the kind of trait being asserted.

                  ShortKind of characteristic
                  Control1..1
                  Binding

                  List of characteristics used to describe group members; e.g. gender, age, owner, location, etc.

                  TypeCodeableConcept
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  Need a formal way of identifying the characteristic being described.

                  Pattern Value{
                    "coding" : [{
                      "system" : "https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/CodeSystem/miabis-characteristicCS",
                      "code" : "StorageTemperature"
                    }]
                  }
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  106. Group.characteristic:storageTemperature.value[x]
                  Definition

                  The value of the trait that holds (or does not hold - see 'exclude') for members of the group.

                  ShortValue held by characteristic
                  Comments

                  For Range, it means members of the group have a value that falls somewhere within the specified range.

                  Control1..1
                  BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from Storage Temperature Value Set
                  (required to https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/ValueSet/miabis-storage-temperature-vs)
                  TypeCodeableConcept
                  [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  The value of the characteristic is what determines group membership.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  108. Group.characteristic:storageTemperature.exclude
                  Definition

                  If true, indicates the characteristic is one that is NOT held by members of the group.

                  ShortGroup includes or excludes
                  Comments

                  This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications cannot wrongly include excluded members as included or vice versa.

                  Control1..1
                  Typeboolean
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  Sometimes group membership is determined by characteristics not possessed.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  110. Group.characteristic:storageTemperature.period
                  Definition

                  The period over which the characteristic is tested; e.g. the patient had an operation during the month of June.

                  ShortPeriod over which characteristic is tested
                  Control0..1
                  TypePeriod
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  112. Group.characteristic:materialType
                  Slice NamematerialType
                  Definition

                  Identifies traits whose presence r absence is shared by members of the group.

                  ShortThe biospecimen saved from a biological entity for propagation e.g. testing, diagnostics, treatment or research purposes.
                  Comments

                  All the identified characteristics must be true for an entity to a member of the group.

                  Control1..*
                  TypeBackboneElement
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Must Supporttrue
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  Needs to be a generic mechanism for identifying what individuals can be part of a group.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  114. Group.characteristic:materialType.id
                  Definition

                  Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                  ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                  Control0..1
                  Typestring
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                  Summaryfalse
                  116. Group.characteristic:materialType.extension
                  Definition

                  May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                  ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                  Comments

                  There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeExtension
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  118. Group.characteristic:materialType.modifierExtension
                  Definition

                  May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                  Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                  ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                  Comments

                  There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeExtension
                  Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                  Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  120. Group.characteristic:materialType.code
                  Definition

                  A code that identifies the kind of trait being asserted.

                  ShortKind of characteristic
                  Control1..1
                  Binding

                  List of characteristics used to describe group members; e.g. gender, age, owner, location, etc.

                  TypeCodeableConcept
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  Need a formal way of identifying the characteristic being described.

                  Pattern Value{
                    "coding" : [{
                      "system" : "https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/CodeSystem/miabis-characteristicCS",
                      "code" : "MaterialType"
                    }]
                  }
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  122. Group.characteristic:materialType.value[x]
                  Definition

                  The value of the trait that holds (or does not hold - see 'exclude') for members of the group.

                  ShortValue held by characteristic
                  Comments

                  For Range, it means members of the group have a value that falls somewhere within the specified range.

                  Control1..1
                  BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from Collection Sample Type Value Set
                  (required to https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/ValueSet/miabis-collection-sample-typ-vs)
                  TypeCodeableConcept
                  [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  The value of the characteristic is what determines group membership.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  124. Group.characteristic:materialType.exclude
                  Definition

                  If true, indicates the characteristic is one that is NOT held by members of the group.

                  ShortGroup includes or excludes
                  Comments

                  This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications cannot wrongly include excluded members as included or vice versa.

                  Control1..1
                  Typeboolean
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  Sometimes group membership is determined by characteristics not possessed.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  126. Group.characteristic:materialType.period
                  Definition

                  The period over which the characteristic is tested; e.g. the patient had an operation during the month of June.

                  ShortPeriod over which characteristic is tested
                  Control0..1
                  TypePeriod
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  128. Group.characteristic:diagnosis
                  Slice Namediagnosis
                  Definition

                  Identifies traits whose presence r absence is shared by members of the group.

                  ShortThe diagnosis of the individuals in the collection.
                  Comments

                  All the identified characteristics must be true for an entity to a member of the group.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeBackboneElement
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Must Supporttrue
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  Needs to be a generic mechanism for identifying what individuals can be part of a group.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  130. Group.characteristic:diagnosis.id
                  Definition

                  Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                  ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                  Control0..1
                  Typestring
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                  Summaryfalse
                  132. Group.characteristic:diagnosis.extension
                  Definition

                  May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                  ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                  Comments

                  There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeExtension
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  134. Group.characteristic:diagnosis.modifierExtension
                  Definition

                  May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                  Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                  ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                  Comments

                  There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeExtension
                  Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                  Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  136. Group.characteristic:diagnosis.code
                  Definition

                  A code that identifies the kind of trait being asserted.

                  ShortKind of characteristic
                  Control1..1
                  Binding

                  List of characteristics used to describe group members; e.g. gender, age, owner, location, etc.

                  TypeCodeableConcept
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  Need a formal way of identifying the characteristic being described.

                  Pattern Value{
                    "coding" : [{
                      "system" : "https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/CodeSystem/miabis-characteristicCS",
                      "code" : "Diagnosis"
                    }]
                  }
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  138. Group.characteristic:diagnosis.value[x]
                  Definition

                  The value of the trait that holds (or does not hold - see 'exclude') for members of the group.

                  ShortValue held by characteristic
                  Comments

                  For Range, it means members of the group have a value that falls somewhere within the specified range.

                  Control1..1
                  BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from DiagnosisVS
                  (required to https://fhir.bbmri-eric.eu/ValueSet/miabis-diagnosis-vs)
                  TypeCodeableConcept
                  [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  The value of the characteristic is what determines group membership.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  140. Group.characteristic:diagnosis.exclude
                  Definition

                  If true, indicates the characteristic is one that is NOT held by members of the group.

                  ShortGroup includes or excludes
                  Comments

                  This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications cannot wrongly include excluded members as included or vice versa.

                  Control1..1
                  Typeboolean
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  Sometimes group membership is determined by characteristics not possessed.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  142. Group.characteristic:diagnosis.period
                  Definition

                  The period over which the characteristic is tested; e.g. the patient had an operation during the month of June.

                  ShortPeriod over which characteristic is tested
                  Control0..1
                  TypePeriod
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  144. Group.member
                  Definition

                  Identifies the resource instances that are members of the group.

                  ShortWho or what is in group
                  Control0..*
                  This element is affected by the following invariants: grp-1
                  TypeBackboneElement
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  Often the only thing of interest about a group is "who's in it".

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  146. Group.member.id
                  Definition

                  Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                  ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                  Control0..1
                  Typestring
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                  Summaryfalse
                  148. Group.member.extension
                  Definition

                  May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                  ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                  Comments

                  There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeExtension
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  150. Group.member.modifierExtension
                  Definition

                  May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                  Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                  ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                  Comments

                  There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeExtension
                  Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                  Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  152. Group.member.entity
                  Definition

                  A reference to the entity that is a member of the group. Must be consistent with Group.type. If the entity is another group, then the type must be the same.

                  ShortReference to the group member
                  Control1..1
                  TypeReference(Patient, Practitioner, PractitionerRole, Device, Medication, Substance, Group)
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  154. Group.member.period
                  Definition

                  The period that the member was in the group, if known.

                  ShortPeriod member belonged to the group
                  Control0..1
                  TypePeriod
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  Need to track who was in a group at a particular time.

                  Meaning if MissingThe member is in the group at this time
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  156. Group.member.inactive
                  Definition

                  A flag to indicate that the member is no longer in the group, but previously may have been a member.

                  ShortIf member is no longer in group
                  Control0..1
                  Typeboolean
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Summaryfalse
                  Requirements

                  Sometimes you don't know when someone stopped being in a group, but not when.

                  Meaning if MissingMembers are considered active unless explicitly specified otherwise
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))